盒子
盒子
文章目录
  1. 概念
  2. EventBus的注册
    1. 索引机制
    2. 反射机制
    3. 订阅
  3. EventBus的发布
  4. EventBus的注销
  5. 总结
  6. 关注

EventBus的工作原理总结

概念

EventBus是一个面向于Android与Java的对事件订阅与发布的处理的一种机制。简单的说它就是一种事件处理机制,该项目已经开源。下面是一张图能够很全面的体现它的运行。

这里将EventBus的工作原理分为三步来说明

  1. EventBus的注册与订阅
  2. EventBus的事件发布
  3. EventBus的注销

EventBus的注册

既然是对工作原理进行总结,那么废话不多说,我们直接进入EventBus的代码进行分析

该文章的代码都是基于EventBus3.0.0来进行分析说明

在使用EventBus开始之前都会调用它的注册代码

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EventBus.getDefault().register(this)

通过getDefault()方法来获取EventBus的实例

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public static EventBus getDefault() {
if (defaultInstance == null) {
synchronized (EventBus.class) {
if (defaultInstance == null) {
defaultInstance = new EventBus();
}
}
}
return defaultInstance;
}

通过源码发现其实就是一个典型的singleton pattern(单例模式),保证实例的全局化,减少资源的开销。

进入EventBus的注册代码:

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public void register(Object subscriber) {
Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
//获取该订阅对象中的所有订阅了的方法
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder.findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass);
synchronized (this) {
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
}
}
}

在这里有一个subscriberMethodFinder成员字段,通过调用它的findSubscriberMethods方法来获取订阅的方法数组。转到findSubscriberMethods方法中看下它的实现

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List<SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
//通过本地缓存查找是否存在该对象的订阅方法
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass);
if (subscriberMethods != null) {
return subscriberMethods;
}

if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
//使用反射机制来获取所有的订阅方法
subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
} else {
//使用数组索引方式来获取所有的订阅方法
subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);
}
if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
+ " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation");
} else {
//将结果加入到本地缓存中
METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass, subscriberMethods);
return subscriberMethods;
}
}

上面关键部分的注释已经写出来了。如果本地缓存中没有,则获取方式根据ignoreGeneratedIndex分为两种。其中ignoreGeneratedIndex默认为false。该字段的值在EventBus实例化的适合默认进行了设置。

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EventBus(EventBusBuilder builder) {
subscriptionsByEventType = new HashMap<>();
typesBySubscriber = new HashMap<>();
stickyEvents = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
mainThreadPoster = new HandlerPoster(this, Looper.getMainLooper(), 10);
backgroundPoster = new BackgroundPoster(this);
asyncPoster = new AsyncPoster(this);
indexCount = builder.subscriberInfoIndexes != null ? builder.subscriberInfoIndexes.size() : 0;
//获取订阅方法的成员字段的默认实现
subscriberMethodFinder = new SubscriberMethodFinder(builder.subscriberInfoIndexes,
builder.strictMethodVerification, builder.ignoreGeneratedIndex);
logSubscriberExceptions = builder.logSubscriberExceptions;
logNoSubscriberMessages = builder.logNoSubscriberMessages;
sendSubscriberExceptionEvent = builder.sendSubscriberExceptionEvent;
sendNoSubscriberEvent = builder.sendNoSubscriberEvent;
throwSubscriberException = builder.throwSubscriberException;
eventInheritance = builder.eventInheritance;
executorService = builder.executorService;
}

显而易见是通过builder模式来配置默认的参数值,所以如果需要改变这其中的参数值,可以通过builder来设置

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EventBus eventBus = EventBus.builder().ignoreGeneratedIndex(true).build();
eventBus.register(this);

索引机制

既然默认是false,那么就会调用findUsingInfo方法

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private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingInfo(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
//实例化findState
FindState findState = prepareFindState();
//初始化findState
findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
while (findState.clazz != null) {
//获取订阅者的相关信息并保存在findState中
findState.subscriberInfo = getSubscriberInfo(findState);
if (findState.subscriberInfo != null) {
SubscriberMethod[] array = findState.subscriberInfo.getSubscriberMethods();
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : array) {
if (findState.checkAdd(subscriberMethod.method, subscriberMethod.eventType)) {
//保存订阅者相关的所有的订阅方法
findState.subscriberMethods.add(subscriberMethod);
}
}
} else {
//通过反射机制获取订阅者相关的所用订阅方法
findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
}
//转移到父类查找所有的订阅方法
findState.moveToSuperclass();
}
//将获取的订阅方法重新添加到一个新的List集合中,并释放findState中的资源
return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
}

这里的关键地方是getSubscriberInfo方法,用来获取订阅者的相关信息。该方法的内部查找是使用index索引。如果该方法还是没有找到,则转向使用反射机制进行获取。

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private SubscriberInfo getSubscriberInfo(FindState findState) {
if (findState.subscriberInfo != null && findState.subscriberInfo.getSuperSubscriberInfo() != null) {
SubscriberInfo superclassInfo = findState.subscriberInfo.getSuperSubscriberInfo();
if (findState.clazz == superclassInfo.getSubscriberClass()) {
return superclassInfo;
}
}
if (subscriberInfoIndexes != null) {
//遍历查找订阅者的相关信息
for (SubscriberInfoIndex index : subscriberInfoIndexes) {
SubscriberInfo info = index.getSubscriberInfo(findState.clazz);
if (info != null) {
return info;
}
}
}
return null;
}

这里的subscriberInfoIndexes就是之前builder中对应的相同字段属性的值。该集合的值可以通过builder来动态添加

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EventBus eventBus = EventBus.builder()
.addIndex(new MyEventBusAppIndex())
.addIndex(new MyEventBusLibIndex()).build();

到这里就是全部通过index获取订阅方法的实现。该方法只有在EventBus 3.x以上版本才有,因为没有使用反射机制,所以相对来说该方法的速度自然会比通过反射机制来获取更快。

反射机制

反射机制获取的主要实现是在findUsingReflectionInSingleClass方法中,我们进入瞧瞧它的实现步骤

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private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(FindState findState) {
Method[] methods;
try {
// This is faster than getMethods, especially when subscribers are fat classes like Activities
//获取注册对象中声明的所以方法
methods = findState.clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
} catch (Throwable th) {
// Workaround for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, see https://github.com/greenrobot/EventBus/issues/149
methods = findState.clazz.getMethods();
findState.skipSuperClasses = true;
}
for (Method method : methods) {
int modifiers = method.getModifiers();
//获取公有且非抽象或者静态的方法
if ((modifiers & Modifier.PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE) == 0) {
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
//获取只要一个参数的方法
if (parameterTypes.length == 1) {
//获取订阅方法的注释类型
Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Subscribe.class);
if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[0];
if (findState.checkAdd(method, eventType)) {
//获取注释中的ThreadMode的值
ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode();
//将订阅方法的相关信息保存
findState.subscriberMethods.add(new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType, threadMode,
subscribeAnnotation.priority(), subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
}
}
} else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
throw new EventBusException("@Subscribe method " + methodName +
"must have exactly 1 parameter but has " + parameterTypes.length);
}
} else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe.class)) {
String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
throw new EventBusException(methodName +
" is a illegal @Subscribe method: must be public, non-static, and non-abstract");
}
}
}

关键注释已给出,主要是通过反射原理来获取订阅方法的所需信息。同时保存下来以便后续的事件发布。下面是之前反射机制步骤开始的外部调用方法源码

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private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingReflection(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
FindState findState = prepareFindState();
findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass);
while (findState.clazz != null) {
findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
findState.moveToSuperclass();
}
return getMethodsAndRelease(findState);
}

主要逻辑跟使用索引方式类似,只是少了对索引方式的查找。

订阅

回到register方法中,订阅者的所以订阅方法已经获取完毕,下一步就开始进行订阅操作,本质是对这些方法进行管理保存。那么直接看subscribe方法

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  private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
//订阅方法中所申明的参数class类型
Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType;
//对订阅者与订阅者的方法建立联系,进行封装管理
Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod);
//通过EventType来查找关联的subscribetions集合
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
if (subscriptions == null) {
subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
//保存新的eventType的subscriptions
subscriptionsByEventType.put(eventType, subscriptions);
} else {
if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
+ eventType);
}
}

int size = subscriptions.size();
for (int i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
//根据订阅方法的优先级插入到subscriptions中
if (i == size || subscriberMethod.priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod.priority) {
subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription);
break;
}
}

//根据订阅者来查找所有的EventType
List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
if (subscribedEvents == null) {
subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
typesBySubscriber.put(subscriber, subscribedEvents);
}
//根据订阅者保存所有的EventType
subscribedEvents.add(eventType);

//对具有sticky类型的订阅方法进行直接发布处理
if (subscriberMethod.sticky) {
//验证eventType与stickyEvent间的继承关系,默认为true
if (eventInheritance) {
// Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered.
// Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events,
// thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup
// (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super classes: Class -> List<Class>).
Set<Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<Class<?>, Object> entry : entries) {
Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey();
//判断eventType是否是candidateEventType的父类或者同一种类型
if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue();
//发布事件
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
} else {
Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType);
//发布事件
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent);
}
}
}

订阅的处理主要分为两种情况,其中一种是非sticky类型,根据eventType来保存subscriptions与根据subscribe来保存eventType;另一种是sticky类型,那么最终都是对事件进行直接发布。

EventBus的发布

EventBus的发布是调用post方法,指定发布的Event类型,只要订阅者持有该相关Event类型的方法就都能收到发布的事件。具体使用如下:

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EventBus.getDefault().post(new MyEvent());
//或者发布sticky类型的event
EventBus.getDefault().postSticky(new MyEvent());

对于sticky类型的事件发布,本质上还是调用了post的方法,只是增加了对sticky event的同步保存

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public void postSticky(Object event) {
synchronized (stickyEvents) {
stickyEvents.put(event.getClass(), event);
}
// Should be posted after it is putted, in case the subscriber wants to remove immediately
post(event);
}

所以我们还是直接看post方法

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  public void post(Object event) {
PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState.get();
List<Object> eventQueue = postingState.eventQueue;
eventQueue.add(event);

//本地线程是否正在发布event
if (!postingState.isPosting) {
postingState.isMainThread = isMainThread();
postingState.isPosting = true;
if (postingState.canceled) {
throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
}
try {
while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
//逐一发布单个event
postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove(0), postingState);
}
} finally {
postingState.isPosting = false;
postingState.isMainThread = false;
}
}
}

在发布中有一个currentPostingThreadState字段,它是一个ThreadLocal,保证当前线程中只有一个发布队列在进行中。把所以需要发布的event加入到正在进行中的队形中。对该队列中的event进行逐个取出发布。实现方法为postSingleEvent

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private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
boolean subscriptionFound = false;
//如果开启了event的继承机制
if (eventInheritance) {
//查找所有的eventType,即包括它的父类与实现的接口
List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
int countTypes = eventTypes.size();
for (int h = 0; h < countTypes; h++) {
Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
//只要其中一个eventType被找到相应的subscription,就为true
subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, clazz);
}
} else {
//标识该eventType是否有相应的subscription
subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState, eventClass);
}
//如果没有找到,则发布一个默认的event
if (!subscriptionFound) {
if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
logger.log(Level.FINE, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
}
if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent.class &&
eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent.class) {
post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event));
}
}
}

从上面的源码可以看出关键代码是postSingleEventForEventType方法,找到对应的subscriptions,即所以与该eventType相关的订阅者中的订阅方法。

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private boolean postSingleEventForEventType(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
synchronized (this) {
//通过eventType来找到对应的subscriptions
subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventClass);
}
if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
postingState.event = event;
postingState.subscription = subscription;
boolean aborted = false;
try {
//发布
postToSubscription(subscription, event, postingState.isMainThread);
aborted = postingState.canceled;
} finally {
postingState.event = null;
postingState.subscription = null;
postingState.canceled = false;
}
if (aborted) {
break;
}
}
return true;
}
return false;
}

该方法做的就是从subscriptionsByEventType中找到对应eventType的subscriptions,然后转入到postToSubscription方法中。

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private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event, boolean isMainThread) {
switch (subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode) {
case POSTING:
//调用订阅者中对应的方法
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
break;
case MAIN:
//在主线程
if (isMainThread) {
//调用订阅者对应的方法
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
} else {
//加入到主线程排队进行分发
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
}
break;
case MAIN_ORDERED:
if (mainThreadPoster != null) {
//加入到主线程排队进行分发
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
// temporary: technically not correct as poster not decoupled from subscriber
//调用订阅者对应的方法
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case BACKGROUND:
if (isMainThread) {
//加入到后台线程排队进行分发
backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
} else {
//调用订阅者对应的方法
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event);
}
break;
case ASYNC:
//加入到异步线程排队进行分发
asyncPoster.enqueue(subscription, event);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod.threadMode);
}
}

这里根据不同的threadMode进行不同的处理,分别为

  • POSTING:当前线程
  • MAIN:主线程
  • MAIN_ORDERED:主线程排队分发
  • BACKGROUND:后台线程
  • ASYNC:异步线程池

不管是排队分发还是直接分发,最终都会调用invokeSubscriber方法

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void invokeSubscriber(Subscription subscription, Object event) {
try {
//利用基本的反射机制来调用订阅者中的对于方法
subscription.subscriberMethod.method.invoke(subscription.subscriber, event);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
handleSubscriberException(subscription, event, e.getCause());
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected exception", e);
}
}

最终的发布实现还是使用了反射的原理,通过反射来定义订阅的方法。到这里EventBus的发布过程就结束了。下面进入最后的EventBus的注销。

EventBus的注销

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public synchronized void unregister(Object subscriber) {
//通过订阅者查找到所有的eventType
List<Class<?>> subscribedTypes = typesBySubscriber.get(subscriber);
if (subscribedTypes != null) {
for (Class<?> eventType : subscribedTypes) {
//注销所有的subscriptions
unsubscribeByEventType(subscriber, eventType);
}
//删除注销的订阅者
typesBySubscriber.remove(subscriber);
} else {
logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Subscriber to unregister was not registered before: " + subscriber.getClass());
}
}

复杂的都已经分析完了,相对来说EventBus的注销就简单多了,无非删除对于的资源信息。在unregister中首先通过typesBySubscriber找到订阅者的所以eventType,然后调用unsubscribeByEventType方法来删除所有的subscriptions,最后将订阅者从typesBySubscriber中移除。那么最后再来看下unsubscribeByEventType方法

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private void unsubscribeByEventType(Object subscriber, Class<?> eventType) {
//通过eventType找到对应的subscriptions
List<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType.get(eventType);
if (subscriptions != null) {
int size = subscriptions.size();
//遍历所有的subscription
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Subscription subscription = subscriptions.get(i);
if (subscription.subscriber == subscriber) {
//设置subscription的状态为非活跃状态,保证正在事件分发时,该subscription不被分发
subscription.active = false;
//删除
subscriptions.remove(i);
i--;
size--;
}
}
}
}

逻辑也很简单,更新subscriptionsByEventType中的数据,将注销的订阅者的相关信息移除。到这里EventBus的注销也分析完毕。

总结

EventBus的主要流程是:对需要订阅的类进行register,在register过程中根据ignoreGeneratedIndex字段来分别进行index索引或者反射机制获取订阅者中的所有方法信息,另外如果index索引方法没有获取到对于的方法信息,最后还是会通过反射机制保底获取;然后就是subscribe,将获取到的方法信息信息进行保存;进一步就是post,从保存的方法信息中进行匹配到对于的event方法,通过反射机制的invoke调用匹配的方法;最后对不需要的订阅者进行注销,释放资源。

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